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[German Version] I. “Old Lutherans” is a collective term for a group of churches that originated in the 19th century as free Lutheran confessional churches. Three phases and motivational threads of their origin can be distinguished: 1. Defense against state-compelled unification of the Lutheran and Reformed churches (“Union”); this ¶ applies to Prussia (1830) – the term “Old Lutheran” was first coined with a polemical intention in reference to Prussia –, Nassau (1846), and Baden (1852). 2. Rejection of the regional church authorities’ toleratio…

[German Version] This movement is a conservative coalition movement within the Protestant regional churches, whose trend toward “modernism” it opposes; it emerged in 1966 primarily to resist R. Bultmann's program of demythologization. It also seeks to counteract manifestations of social decay. It firmly rejects a description of its position as “fundamentalism.” Its early campaign was closely tied to the topic of scriptural authority ( Düsseldorfer Erklärung, 1967). In the context of missiology, it opposed an understanding of salvation limited to this world ( Frankfurter Erklär…