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Paul V, Pope

(282 words)

Author(s): Mörschel, Tobias
[German Version] (Camillo Borghese, born Sep 17, 1552, Rome; pope May 16, 1605 – Jan 28, 1621). Descended from a Sienese patrician family, the learned and morally principled canon lawyer rose through the interplay typical of his era: curial career, simony, and informal relationships. Following his election in 1605, his pontificate was among the longes…

Pius VIII, Pope

(228 words)

Author(s): Mörschel, Tobias
[German Version] (Francesco Saverio Castiglioni, born Nov 20, 1761, Cingoli, near Ancona; pope Mar 31, 1829 – Nov 30, 1830). After an education befitting his noble lineage, Castiglioni was ordained to the priesthood in Rome in 1785. After completing several years of legal studies, he served as vicar general in various dioceses. As bishop of Montalto (1800), he came into confl…

Papacy

(20,018 words)

Author(s): Brennecke, Hanns Christof | Zimmermann, Harald | Mörschel, Tobias | Wassilowsky, Günther | Köpf, Ulrich
[German Version] I. Early Church – II. Middle Ages and Reformation – III. Modern Period and Today – IV. Chronological List of the Popes I. Early Church 1. Definition. If papacy is defined as the claim (based on Matt 16:16–19; 28:20; Luke 22:31f.; John 21:15–19) of the bishops of Rome as successors and heirs to Peter to leadership along with jurisdictional and magisterial primacy (I) within the universal church, papacy in the strict sense dates only from the Middle Ages in the Latin West. In the Early Church, the point at iss…