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[German version] The Vulgate is the revision by Jerome (= Jer.) (Hieronymus) of the old Latin Bible translation (the so-called Vetus Latina, earlier known also as the Itala), which contained considerable textual variation. The designation Vulgate (Lat. vulgatus = 'universally disseminated'; after the 1st cent. AD also applied to literary works, cf. for example Jer. Ep. 65,9) was firmly established only at the Council of Trent (1545-1563). There are details of Jer.'s Bible revision - some on specific points - in his letters (esp. 5…

I. General [German version] A. Introduction The terms  Bible and translation are not clearly separable from each other since the acknowledged textual basis ( Canon) has changed in the course of time and even paraphrases are regarded as translations. Recent discoveries ( Qumran, papyri) have shown that even the texts of the source language, the so-called Masora text, and of the target language, the Septuagint (LXX; Peshitta; Vetus Latina), have undergone historical development and should be read only b…

I. Allgemein [English version] A. Einleitung Die Begriffe Bibel und Übersetzung sind nicht klar voneinander abgrenzbar, da sich der anerkannte Textbestand im Laufe der Gesch. änderte (Kanon) und auch Paraphrasen als B. galten. Neue Entdeckungen (Qumran, Papyri) haben gezeigt, daß sich auch die Texte der Quellsprache, der sog. Masora Text, und die der Zielsprache, die Septuaginta (LXX; Peschitta; Vetus Latina), histor. entwickelten und nur unter Bezugnahme auf kritische Apparate von Editoren gelesen w…