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[English version] I. Alter Orient L. als Entgelt für geleistete Arbeit befristet gemieteter Arbeitskräfte läßt sich in Mesopot. seit Mitte des 3. Jt.v.Chr. bis in spätbabylon. Zeit (2. H. 1. Jt.v.Chr.), im hethit. Anatolien (2. H. 2. Jt.v.Chr.) und in Ägypten (seit dem AR) nachweisen. In Mesopot. ergänzten insbesondere die institutionellen Haushalte (Palast; Tempel) der Ur III-Zeit (21. Jh.v.Chr.) mit der saisonalen Inanspruchnahme von L.-Arbeit v.a. in der Landwirtschaft, im Transportwesen und im Ha…

[German version] I. General International treaties (IT) are official and binding agreements under international law between two or more subjects of international law, which are legally binding for the entire citizenship in question. They were stipulated orally or in writing; they took the form of unilateral, bi- or multilateral agreements, and always implied the recognition of the other party under international law. IT were often the result of preliminary negotiations; they required ratification by…

[German version] I. Ancient Near East Mesopotamian cuneiform texts attest to slavery in the ancient Near East from the early 3rd millennium BC [1]. However, at no time were slaves the essential producers in the structure of the total economy [2]. From the 3rd-1st millennia BC, slaves were primarily deployed in private households, and to a lesser extent in institutional households (Palace, Temple). The main sources thus mostly come from the field of private law and governmental legislation [3]. Some of…