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Iophon

(262 words)

Author(s): Patzek, Barbara (Wiesbaden) | Zimmermann, Bernhard (Freiburg)
(Ἰοφῶν; Iophôn) [German version] [1] Son of Peisistratus from his second marriage Son of  Peisistratus from his second marriage to the Argive Timonassa, the daughter of Gorgilus and widow of the  Cypselid Archinus of Ambracia. In contrast to his brother  Hegesistratus [1], only I.'s name has survived ([Aristot.] Ath. pol. 17,3; Plut. Cato maior 24,8; Hdt. 5,94f.). Patzek, Barbara (Wiesbaden) Bibliography L. de Libero, Die Archaische Tyrannis, 1996, 88 Traill, PAA 537360. [German version] [2] Athenian tragedian, 5th cent. BC Athenian tragedian (TrGF I 22), a son of  Sophocl…

Pheretima

(173 words)

Author(s): Patzek, Barbara (Wiesbaden)
[German version] (Φερετίμα; Pheretíma). Queen of Cyrene, wife of Battus [3] III the Lame, mother of Arcesilaus [3] III. After Arcesilaus reclaimed royal rights and in about 518 BC was banished, P. fled to Euelthon in Salamis in Cyprus and demanded military assistance. After the reconquest of Cyrene by her son and his flight to Barke she ruled as queen with a seat on the council. After Arcesilaus' murder in Barke she avenged him, helped by the Egyptian satrap Aryandes, with a campaign against the ci…

Aristomachus

(424 words)

Author(s): Graf, Fritz (Columbus, OH) | Patzek, Barbara (Wiesbaden) | Günther, Linda-Marie (Munich)
(Ἀριστόμαχος; Aristómachos). [German version] [1] Great-grandson of Heracles Great-grandson of Hercules, son of Cleodaeus (Hdt. 6,52; Apollod. 2,171; Paus. 2,7,6). His attempt to conquer the Peloponnese failed because an oracle was misunderstood. He fell in the battle and the country was conquered by his sons Temenus, Cresphontes and (in the Spartan version) Aristodemus [1] (Hyg. Fab. 124. 137) [1]. Graf, Fritz (Columbus, OH) [German version] [2] Healing hero in Rhamnus Healing hero in Rhamnus. His sanctuary lies on a hill south-west of the Rhamnus Acropolis. He …

Cypselides

(373 words)

Author(s): Patzek, Barbara (Wiesbaden)
[German version] (Κυψελίδαι; Kypselídai). Dynasty of the Corinthian tyrant  Cypselus [2], who followed the  Bacchiadae around the mid 7th cent. BC. The rule of the C. (Cypselus,  Periander,  Psammetichus) was limited (probably post-event) by the Delphic oracle to Cypselus and his sons, and was supposed to end with the generation of his grandchildren (Hdt. 5,92e). According to Aristotle (Pol. 1315b 11ff.), the  tyrannis of the C. was the second longest lasting in Greece (73 1/2 years). He explains this long duration with Cypselus' popularity (cf. also Nicolaus of Dam…

Battus

(646 words)

Author(s): Patzek, Barbara (Wiesbaden) | Bloch, René (Berne)
(Βάττος; Báttos). [German version] [1] B.I. King of Cyrene, around 630 BC Son of Polymnestus, from the lineage of the Minyan Euphemus of Thera (Hdt. 4,150). Leader of the colonists and King of Cyrene (Hdt. 4,153,3; SEG 9,3: ἡγεμόνα ἀρχαγέταν καὶ βασιλέα). Around 630 BC, he first settled on the island of Platea, then on the Libyan coast, and finally in the town of  Cyrene after reaching an agreement with the local residents (Hdt. 4,153; 156; 158). There he reigned for 40 years according to Herodotus (4,159).…

Panaetius

(1,380 words)

Author(s): Patzek, Barbara (Wiesbaden) | Stein-Hölkeskamp, Elke (Cologne) | Inwood, Brad (Toronto)
(Παναίτιος; Panaítios). [German version] [1] Sicilian tyrant, about 700 BC P. of Leontini, established the first known tyrannis in Sicily around 700 BC. P. overthrew the ruling oligarchy, probably by inciting the people (Aristot. pol. 5,10,1310b 29; 5,12,1316a 37; Polyaen. 5,47). Patzek, Barbara (Wiesbaden) Bibliography H. Berve, Die Tyrannis bei den Griechen, 1967, 129; 593  T. J. Dunbabin, The Western Greeks, 1948, 66-68  N. Luraghi, Tirannidi archaiche in Sicilia e Magna Grecia, 1994, 11-20. [German version] [2] Trierarch at Salamis In 480, at the battle of Salamis, P. …

Cleisthenes

(764 words)

Author(s): Patzek, Barbara (Wiesbaden) | Rhodes, Peter J. (Durham)
(Κλεισθένης; Kleisthénōs). [German version] [1] Tyrant of Sicyon c. 600-570 BC Tyrant of Sicyon ( c. 600-570 BC), son of Aristonymus, from the family of Orthagoras, whose tyranny lasted about 100 years ( c. 665-565 BC.; Aristot. Pol. 1315b 11ff.; cf. Nicolaus of Damascus FGrH 90 F 61). During the war with Argus C. pursued an anti-Argive domestic ideology, including prohibition of the presentation of the Homeric epics because they favoured Argos. The Argive hero  Adrastus [1] was replaced by the Theban hero  Melanippus (Hdt. 5,6…

Troy

(10,863 words)

Author(s): Patzek, Barbara (Wiesbaden) | Cobet, Justus (Essen) | Pistorius, Kerstin
Patzek, Barbara (Wiesbaden) Cobet, Justus (Essen) I. General (CT) [German version] A. Introduction (CT) Homer sets his tale of the wrath of Achilles and the battle for Troy (T.) in a memorial landscape whose reality was entirely due to the epic and the history of its reception. Troy was placed on the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites in 1998, 130 years after Heinrich Schliemann first appeared on the site (fig. 1). Whoever "henceforth" sails the Hellespont by ship will gaze at the funeral mounds of the heroes, visible from afar, as we read in the Iliad (7,85-91 with reference to Ajax) and the Ody…

Aeaces

(136 words)

Author(s): Patzek, Barbara (Wiesbaden)
(Αἰάκης; Aiákēs). [German version] [1] Father of the tyrants  Polycrates and  Syloson of Samos (6th cent BC) Father of the tyrants  Polycrates and  Syloson of Samos (Hdt. 3,39). His identification with A., son of Brychon, erector of a statue in the Heraeum, is doubtful. Patzek, Barbara (Wiesbaden) [German version] [2] Tyrant of  Samos (beginning of 5th cent, BC) Grandson of the foregoing, son of Syloson. Tyrant of  Samos and vassal of Darius (Hdt. 4,138). Deprived of his power in the Ionian rebellion, by order of the Persians he convinced several Samia…

Laarchus

(114 words)

Author(s): Patzek, Barbara (Wiesbaden)
[German version] (Λάαρχος; Láarchos; Hdt.: Λέαρχος; Léarchos). Son of Battus [2] II. of Cyrene. L. fought together with unnamed brothers over their succession against their brother Arcesilaus [2] II. of Cyrene. L. founded Barce, about 100 km to the west. At the same time he incited the Libyan tribes to rebel against Cyrene. He murdered Arcesilaus around 560/550 BC after the lat ter's defeat at Leucon in Libya and was probably murdered by Arcesilaus's wife Eryxo while attempting to become his successor (Hdt. 4,160). Patzek, Barbara (Wiesbaden) Bibliography H. Berve, Die Tyrannis bei …

Cypselus

(271 words)

Author(s): Frey, Alexandra (Basle) | Patzek, Barbara (Wiesbaden)
(Κύψελος; Kýpselos). [German version] [1] Son of Aepytus [2] Son of  Aepytus [2], ruler of Arcadia at the time when the Heraclids attempted to invade the Peloponnese once more. He gave his daughter Mesope in marriage to  Cresphontes, Heraclid and king of Messenia, and was thus spared the invasion (Paus. 4,3,6; 8,5,6). Frey, Alexandra (Basle) [German version] [2] Tyrant of Corinth, probably 657-627 BC Tyrant of Corinth (probably 657-627 BC), son of Eëtion. He followed the  Bacchiadae, a group of ruling aristocrats, and established the first  tyrannis in Greec…

Thrasybulus

(1,055 words)

Author(s): Cobet, Justus (Essen) | Patzek, Barbara (Wiesbaden) | Schmitz, Winfried (Bielefeld)
(Θρασύβουλος/ Thrasýboulos). [German version] [1] Tyrant of Miletus [2], ca. 600 BC Prýtanis or aisymnḗtēs, then tyrant (Aristot. Pol. 1305a 16-18) of Miletus [2], at the time of its greatest prosperity around the turn of the 7th to the 6th cent. BC; a contemporary of Thales (Diog. Laert. 1,27). According to Herodotus, T. was able to end a twelve-year war against the Lydian kings Sadyattes [2] and Alyattes (Hdt. 1,17-23; Polyaenus, Strat. 6,47) by a trick (Hdt. 1,22: pretended wealth), and to persuade Alyatte…

Callias

(1,877 words)

Author(s): Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) | Michel, Simone (Hamburg) | Patzek, Barbara (Wiesbaden) | Will, Wolfgang (Bonn) | Nesselrath, Heinz-Günther (Göttingen) | Et al.
(Καλλίας; Kallías, Ion. Καλλίης; Kallíēs). Common Attic name from the 6th -- 4th cent. BC, especially in the rich priestly family (several dadouchoi) of the Ceryces, which was associated with the cult of Eleusis. C. appears there in alternation with  Hipponicus. Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) [German version] [1] Mythical son of the Heraclid Temenos Mythical son of the Heraclid  Temenus, king of Argos, and the brother of Agelaus, Eurypylus and  Hyrnetho. Since the king preferred Hyrnetho and her husband  Deiphontes to his sons, they had Temenus murder…

Theagenes

(873 words)

Author(s): Patzek, Barbara (Wiesbaden) | Matthaios, Stephanos (Cologne) | Beck, Hans (Cologne) | Goulet-Cazé, Marie-Odile (Antony) | Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover) | Et al.
(Θεαγένης/ Theagénēs). [German version] [1] Tyrant of Megara, 7th cent. BC Tyrant of Megara [2] in the last quarter of the 7th cent. BC; he probably descended from a noble family and maintained hospitality with aristocrats all over Greece. According to a later tradition, when he seized power, he is said to have won the people's confidence in his fight against the city's landowners (by slaughtering their flocks: Aristot. Pol. 5,1305a 21-26) and to have been granted a body guard by the assembly (Aristot. Rh.…

Hippias

(937 words)

Author(s): Patzek, Barbara (Wiesbaden) | Günther, Linda-Marie (Munich) | Narcy, Michel (Paris)
(Ἱππίας/ Hippías, Ion. Ἱππίης/ Hippíēs). [German version] [1] Eldest son of Peisistratus, his father's heir in 528/7 BC Eldest son of  Peisistratus from his first marriage to an Athenian woman. Together with his brothers  Hipparchus [1] and Thessalus he assumed his father's inheritance in 528/7 BC and continued his father's moderate politics (Thuc. 6,54-55; [Aristot.] Ath. Pol. 18,1), e.g. as archon in 526/7. However, when Hipparchus was murdered at the Panathenaea of 514 BC, H. disarmed the population, ordered t…

Arcesilaus

(1,194 words)

Author(s): Patzek, Barbara (Wiesbaden) | Stanzel, Karl-Heinz (Tübingen) | Bäbler, Balbina (Göttingen) | Neudecker, Richard (Rome)
(Ἀρκεσίλαος; Arkesílaos). [German version] [1] Arcesilaus I. King of Cyrene (beginning of 6th cent. BC) Son and successor of  Battus I as king of  Cyrene. Ruled early in the 6th cent. BC for 16 years (Hdt. 4,159). Patzek, Barbara (Wiesbaden) [German version] [2] A. II. King of Cyrene middle of 6th cent. BC) the ‘Cruel’, son and successor of Battus II, grandson of Arcesilaus I, successfully fought against an opposition led by his brothers at his accession 565/60 BC. They left the town, founded Barca in the western Cyrenaica and made an alliance wit…

Leaena

(162 words)

Author(s): Patzek, Barbara (Wiesbaden) | Dreyer, Boris (Göttingen)
(Λέαινα; Léaina). [German version] [1] Hetaera of Aristogiton [1], 6th cent. BC Legendary hetaera of Aristogeiton [1]. After the murder of Hipparchus [1], Hippias [1] allegedly raped and killed her (Paus. 1,23,1f.; Plut. Mor. 505E; Ath. 596f; Cic. fr. 8,12 Merguet). In another version, she bit off her tongue while being tortured by Hippias so she would not betray her lover (Polyaenus, Strat. 8,45). A bronze lioness was supposedly erected to commemorate her. The name of the heroine (‘Lioness’) and the mor…

Cineas

(356 words)

Author(s): Patzek, Barbara (Wiesbaden) | Engels, Johannes (Cologne) | Ameling, Walter (Jena)
(Κινέας; Kinéas). [German version] [1] Of Konde, king of the Thessalians, offered military help to Hippias against the Spartans in 511 BC C. of Konde, king ( basileús) of the Thessalians, in 511 BC offered military help in the form of 1,000 Thessalian horsemen to the Athenian tyrant  Hippias [1] when he was threatened by the Spartans, and defeated them at Phalerum (Hdt. 5,63f.; [Aristot.] Ath. pol. 19,5). Patzek, Barbara (Wiesbaden) [German version] [2] Thessalian (c. 350-277 BC), diplomat of king Pyrrhus, expert on Roman aristocracy The Thessalian C. (about 350-277 BC), diplomat…

Lycophron

(1,239 words)

Author(s): Patzek, Barbara (Wiesbaden) | Cobet, Justus (Essen) | Zimmermann, Bernhard (Freiburg) | Narcy, Michel (Paris)
(Λυκόφρων; Lykóphrōn). [German version] [1] Younger son of Periander of Corinth The younger son of Periander of Corinth and Melissa, daughter of Procles of Epidaurus. In the war between Periander and his father-in-law, L. is sent to Cercyra and murdered there by the Cercyraeans, who presumably considered him a tyrant and successor of Periander. Legend-building in an early phase can be seen in Herodotus (3,50-53; cf. Diog. Laert. 1,94f.; Nicolaus of Damascus FGrH 90 F 60). Patzek, Barbara (Wiesbaden) [German version] [2] Founder of the tyrannis in Pherai, c. 404/390 BC Founder of the t…

Korynephoroi

(157 words)

Author(s): Patzek, Barbara (Wiesbaden) | Portmann, Werner (Berlin)
(κορυνηφόροι; korynēphóroi, ‘mace-bearers’). [German version] [1] Bodyguards of Peistratus Bodyguards who were to protect Peisistratus against an alleged threat from his opponents. They were granted to him by the Athenian people. He used them to occupy the acropolis (Hdt. 1,59). Solon supposedly recognized this striving for tyranny and he was the only one to declare himself against the bodyguards ([Aristot.] Ath. Pol. 14,2; Plut. Solon 30). Patzek, Barbara (Wiesbaden) [German version] [2] Bodyguards of the tyrant of Sicyon According to a later tradition, bodyguards of the…

Phye

(117 words)

Author(s): Patzek, Barbara (Wiesbaden)
[German version] (Φύη; Phýē). Daughter of Socrates from the Paeania deme. As Peisistratus [4] attempted his second seizure of power in 546/5 BC, she was, on acount of her tall stature ( c. 1·80 m), dressed with weapons as the goddess Athena and carried on a chariot, as a sign that the goddess was showing him the way (Hdt. 1,60; Aristot. Ath. Pol. 14). This is related in the form of a legend as early as Herodotus. In later versions P. becomes a Thracian garland seller. P. is also given as the name of the wife of  Hipparchus [1] (Cleidemus FGrH 323 F 15). Patzek, Barbara (Wiesbaden) Bibliography H. Ber…

Telys

(104 words)

Author(s): Patzek, Barbara (Wiesbaden)
[German version] (Τῆλυς; Têlys). King or tyrant (Hdt. 5,44,47; Diod. Sic. 12,9,2) in proverbially rich Sybaris [4] c. 510 BC. Probably supported by the dêmos, he banished the 500 richest citizens of the city and confiscated their wealth. After these found shelter in Croton, T. attacked the city, in spite of the warnings of the seer Callias of Elis. After the Crotonians were victorious Sybaris was razed to the ground and T. was killed by his followers (Heraclid. Pont. fr. 49 Wehrli). The morally coloured tradition derives from the Crotonians. Patzek, Barbara (Wiesbaden) Bibliography H. B…

Timophanes

(120 words)

Author(s): Patzek, Barbara (Wiesbaden)
[German version] (Τιμοφάνης/ Timophánēs). Son of Timodemus and Demarete or Demariste, elder brother of Timoleon. In 366 BC, supported by his command of 400 mercenaries and the urban population, he elevated himself to tyrant of Corinth. When his rule degenerated into arbitrariness, Timoleon and others from the circle of his hetairía [2] tried, unsuccessfully, to convince him to give up his position of power. With the assent of Timoleon and the oligarchs of Corinth, T. was assassinated by his companions (Plut. Timoleon 4,5-8; Plut. Mor. 808a; Tim…

Tyrannicide

(313 words)

Author(s): Patzek, Barbara (Wiesbaden)
[German version] (τυραννοκτονία/ tyrannoktonía; Latin tyrannicidium). Term coined in Hellenistic and Roman rhetoric, historiography and law (initially Greek, Diod. Sic. 16,14,1, Latin Sen. Controv. 4,7). The term goes back to the public veneration of the tyrannicides in Athens (Harmodius [1], Aristogiton [1]). Their deed quickly became a democratic topos (Thuc. 1,20; 6,53,3-6,54,1). Injustice, lawlessness and despotism (Pl. Plt. 291e; Pl. Resp. 9,571-586) justified tyrannicide (Pl. Prt. 322d) and the…

Battiads

(161 words)

Author(s): Patzek, Barbara (Wiesbaden)
[German version] (Βαττιάδαι; Battiádai). Designation for the dynasty of Cyrene that lasted for eight generations; four kings by the name of  Battus alternated with four others by the name of  Arcesilaus (Hdt. 4,159). The eponym is Battus I (since c. 630 in Cyrene). The king's privileges mentioned by Herodotus (4,161) are unusual. Since  Arcesilaus II ( c. 560), we find the typical aristocratic divisions in Cyrene which led to tyrannis in Greek cities of that time. The successors either tried to dominate or pushed for agreement. In order to stay in power, the king…

Telestes

(160 words)

Author(s): Patzek, Barbara (Wiesbaden) | Robbins, Emmet (Toronto)
(Τελέστης; Teléstēs). [German version] [1] Last king of Corinth According to a list of kings in Diod. 7,9,2-5, T. was the last king of Corinth. The name's apt meaning ( télos = 'end') casts doubt on his historicity. His murder was, according to tradition, closely followed by the Bacchiadae (Paus. 2,4,4). Patzek, Barbara (Wiesbaden) Bibliography J. B. Salmon, Wealthy Corinth, 1984, 47; 55. [German version] [2] From Selinus, dithyramb poet, c. 400 BC Dithyrambic poet from Selinus [4]. The Marmor Parium (65) mentions a victory in Athens in 402/401 BC. Titles of his works are Argo (with cri…

Procles

(448 words)

Author(s): Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) | Patzek, Barbara (Wiesbaden) | Beck, Hans (Cologne)
(Προκλῆς/ Proklês). [German version] [1] Legendary Spartan king The legendary Spartan king. P. was considered to be a son of Aristodemus [1] - and hence a direct descendant of Heracles [1] - and the ancestor of the Eurypontids, named after Eurypon, his son (Hdt. 8,131) or grandson (Plut. Lycurgus 1). As late as the 5th cent. BC, P. and his twin brother Eurysthenes [1] and not, e.g., Lycurgus [4], appear in Hellanicus (FGrH 4 F 116) as the framers of the Spartan constitution. Ephorus (FGrH 70 F 117) also…

Hipparchus

(1,790 words)

Author(s): Patzek, Barbara (Wiesbaden) | Nesselrath, Heinz-Günther (Göttingen) | Riedweg, Christoph (Zürich) | Gottschalk, Hans (Leeds) | Fornaro, Sotera (Sassari) | Et al.
(Ἵππαρχος; Hípparchos). [German version] [1] Second son of Peisistratus, around 530 BC Second son of  Peisistratus and an Athenian woman. Together with his older brother  Hippias [1] and the younger Thessalus, H. assumed his inheritance (528/527 BC) after his father's death (Thuc. 6,55; [Aristot.] Ath. Pol. 18,1). In contrast to Hippias, H. exhibited no political profile. He dedicated himself to aristocratic social life and culture and invited, among others,  Anacreon [1] of Teos and  Simonides of Ceos to A…

Phalaris

(299 words)

Author(s): Patzek, Barbara (Wiesbaden)
[German version] (Φάλαρις; Phálaris). Tyrant of Acragas, son of Leodamas of Rhodes; ruled the city, which was founded c. 580 BC, from c. 570-555 BC. Aristotle (Pol. 5,10, 1310b 28) counts him among those tyrants who achieved power by virtue of their high official status ( ek tōn timôn). Elsewhere (Aristot. Rh. 2,20,1393b 5-8), Aristotle cites a fable of Stesichorus, according to which P. first held the office of a strategos with dictatorial powers ( stratēgós autokrátōr). According to Polyaenus, Strat. 5,1,1, on the other hand, P. seized power while treasurer during the…

Tyndarion

(78 words)

Author(s): Patzek, Barbara (Wiesbaden)
[German version] (Τυνδάριον; Tyndárion). Tyrant of Tauromenium, who together with other Sicilian Greeks asked Pyrrhus [3] to intervene against the power ambitions of the Carthaginians on the island in 279 BC. In 278 he readily received Pyrrhus when he landed at Tauromenium and was, as the latter's ally, confirmed in his power (Diod. 22,2,1; Plut. Pyrrhus 22; Paus. 1,12,5;  Just. Epit. 18,2,11). Patzek, Barbara (Wiesbaden) Bibliography H. Berve, Die Tyrannis bei den Griechen, vol. 1, 1967, 459; 461; 732.

Micythus

(130 words)

Author(s): Patzek, Barbara (Wiesbaden)
[German version] (Μίκυθος; Míkythos). Son of Chirus, from the house of the tyrant Anaxilaus [1] of Rhegium. For nine years after Anaxilaus' death around 476 BC he was governor (ἐπίτροπος; epítropos) of Rhegium for his sons who were not legally of age (Hdt. 7, 170; Iust. 4,2,5; Diod. 11,48ff.). M. helped the people of Tarentum against the tribes of the Iapyges but suffered huge losses to his army. Probably after an intervention of Hieron [1] of Syracuse he handed over control to Anaxilaus' sons and went to Tegea in Arcadia. F…

Hippocrates

(5,685 words)

Author(s): Patzek, Barbara (Wiesbaden) | Stein-Hölkeskamp, Elke (Cologne) | Folkerts, Menso (Munich) | Potter, Paul (London, Ontario) | Gundert, Beate (London, Ontario) | Et al.
(Ἱπποκράτης; Hippokrátēs). [German version] [1] Father of Peisistratus, from Brauron Father of  Peisistratus. H. is presumed to have come from Brauron, the later deme of Philaidai, and traced his ancestry back to Neleus (Hdt. 1,59; 5,65; Plut. Solon 10; 30). Patzek, Barbara (Wiesbaden) Bibliography Traill, PAA 538385. [German version] [2] Son of Megacles from Athens, approx. 6th cent. BC Son of the Alcmaeonid ( Alcmaeonids)  Megacles from Athens, born around 560 BC, H. was the brother of Cleisthenes, the father of  Megacles and Agariste [2] and thus th…

Periander

(574 words)

Author(s): Patzek, Barbara (Wiesbaden)
[German version] (Περίανδρος/ Períandros, Lat. Periander). Around 655/627 BC, P. succeeded his father  Cypselus [2] as tyrant of Corinth. According to the summary records from antiquity, he ruled for about 40 years (Aristot. Pol. 5,12,1315b 25).  His wife was Melissa, the daughter of Procles, the tyrant of Epidauros; apart from a daughter, he had with her the sons Cypselus, who was mentally retarded, and Lycophron [1]. The other sons, Evagoras, Gorgus, and Nicolaus, he had with concubines (Hdt. 3,5…

Kineas

(333 words)

Author(s): Patzek, Barbara (Wiesbaden) | Engels, Johannes (Köln) | Ameling, Walter (Jena)
(Κινέας). [English version] [1] aus Konde, König der Thessaler, unterstützte 511 v. Chr. Hippias gegen die Spartaner militärisch K. aus Konde, König ( basileús) der Thessaler, bot 511 v.Chr. dem von den Spartanern bedrohten athen. Tyrannen Hippias [1] mil. Unterstützung in Form von 1000 thessal. Reitern und schlug die Spartaner bei Phaleron (Hdt. 5,63f.; [Aristot.] Ath. pol. 19,5). Patzek, Barbara (Wiesbaden) [English version] [2] Thessaler (ca. 350-277 v. Chr.), Diplomat des Königs Pyrrhos, Kenner der röm. Aristokratie Der Thessaler K. (ca. 350-277 v.Chr.), Diplomat des…

Mikythos

(108 words)

Author(s): Patzek, Barbara (Wiesbaden)
[English version] (Μίκυθος). Sohn des Choiros, aus dem Hause des Tyrannen Anaxilaos [1] von Rhegion, war nach dessen Tod um 476 v.Chr. für dessen minderjährige Söhne neun Jahre Statthalter (ἐπίτροπος) von Rhegion (Hdt. 7, 170; Iust. 4,2,5; Diod. 11,48ff.). M. leistete den Tarentinern unter großen Verlusten Waffenhilfe gegen die iapygischen Stämme. Wahrscheinlich auf Intervention des Hieron [1] von Syrakus übergab er die Herrschaft den Söhnen des Anaxilaos und ging nach Tegea in Arkadien. Von dort …

Phye

(101 words)

Author(s): Patzek, Barbara (Wiesbaden)
[English version] (Φύη). Tochter des Sokrates aus dem Demos Paiania. Sie wurde wegen ihrer großen Gestalt (ca. 1,80 m) bei der zweiten Machtergreifung des Peisistratos [4] 546/5 v.Chr. als Göttin Athene in Waffen gekleidet auf einem Wagen mitgeführt, zum Zeichen, daß die Göttin ihm den Weg weise (Hdt. 1,60; Aristot. Ath. pol. 14). Schon Herodot erzählt dies in Form einer Legende. In späteren Versionen wird Ph. zu einer thrakischen Kranzverkäuferin. Der Name Ph. ist auch für die Ehefrau des Hipparchos [1] überl. (Kleidemos FGrH 323 F 15). Patzek, Barbara (Wiesbaden) Bibliography H. Be…

Kypselos

(248 words)

Author(s): Frey, Alexandra (Basel) | Patzek, Barbara (Wiesbaden)
(Κύψελος). [English version] [1] Sohn des Aipytos Sohn des Aipytos [2], der über Arkadien herrscht, als die Herakleiden wieder versuchen, in die Peloponnes einzudringen. Er gibt dem Herakleiden und Messenerkönig Kresphontes seine Tochter Merope zur Frau und wird so vom Einfall verschont (Paus. 4,3,6; 8,5,6). Frey, Alexandra (Basel) [English version] [2] Tyrann von Korinth, wohl 657-627 v. Chr. Tyrann von Korinth (wohl 657-627 v.Chr.), Sohn des Eëtion. Er löste die Herrschaft der Bakchiadai, einer Gruppe herrschender Aristokraten, ab und etablierte die …

Aiakes

(124 words)

Author(s): Patzek, Barbara (Wiesbaden)
(Αἰάκης). [English version] [1] Vater des Tyrannen Polykrates von Samos (6. Jh. v. Chr.) Vater der Tyrannen Polykrates und Syloson von Samos (Hdt. 3,39). Seine Identität mit A., Sohn des Brychon, Stifter einer Statue im Heraion, ist zweifelhaft. Patzek, Barbara (Wiesbaden) [English version] [2] Tyrann von Samos (Anf. 5. Jh. v. Chr.) Enkel des vorigen, Sohn des Syloson. Tyrann von Samos und Vasall des Dareios (Hdt. 4,138). Im ion. Aufstand entmachtet, überredete er im Auftrag der Perser mehrere samische Feldherrn, vor der Seeschlacht bei Lade (494…

Prokles

(417 words)

Author(s): Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) | Patzek, Barbara (Wiesbaden) | Beck, Hans (Köln)
(Προκλῆς). [English version] [1] Legendärer spartanischer König Legendärer spartanischer König. P. galt als Sohn des Aristodemos [1] - und somit als direkter Nachfahre des Herakles [1] - sowie als Stammvater der Eurypontidai - benannt nach seinem Sohn (Hdt. 8,131) oder Enkel (Plut. Lykurgos 1) Eurypon. Noch im 5. Jh. v. Chr. erscheinen bei Hellanikos (FGrH 4 F 116) P. und sein Zwillingsbruder Eurysthenes [1], nicht etwa Lykurgos [4], als Stifter der spartan. Verfassung. Ephoros (FGrH 70 F 117) schreibt…

Battos

(588 words)

Author(s): Patzek, Barbara (Wiesbaden) | Bloch, René (Princeton)
(Βάττος). [English version] [1] B.I. König von Kyrene um 630 v. Chr. Sohn des Polymnestos aus dem Geschlecht des Minyers Euphemos aus Thera (Hdt. 4,150). Anführer der Kolonisten und König von Kyrene (Hdt. 4,153,3; SEG 9,3: ἡγεμόνα ἀρχαγέταν καὶ βασιλέα). Siedelte um 630 v.Chr. zuerst auf der Insel Platea, dann an der libyschen Küste und schließlich in Übereinkunft mit den Einheimischen am Ort Kyrene (Hdt. 4,153; 156; 158). Dort regierte er nach Herodot (4,159) 40 Jahre. Um die Gründergestalt ranken sich Le…

Arkesilaos

(1,129 words)

Author(s): Patzek, Barbara (Wiesbaden) | Stanzel, Karl-Heinz (Tübingen) | Bäbler, Balbina (Göttingen) | Neudecker, Richard (Rom)
(Ἀρκεσίλαος). [English version] [1] A.I. König von Kyrene (Anf. 6. Jh. v.Chr.) Sohn und Nachfolger des Battos I. im Königsamt von Kyrene. Regierte Anf. des 6. Jh. v.Chr. für 16 Jahre (Hdt. 4,159). Patzek, Barbara (Wiesbaden) [English version] [2] A. II. König von Kyrene (Mitte 6. Jh. v.Chr.) der “Grausame”, Sohn und Nachfolger des Battos II., Enkel von A.I., kämpfte bei Regierungsantritt um 565/60 v.Chr. erfolgreich gegen eine von seinen Brüdern angeführte Opposition. Diese verließen die Stadt, gründeten Barke in der westl. Kyrenaika und ver…

Hippokrates

(5,281 words)

Author(s): Patzek, Barbara (Wiesbaden) | Stein-Hölkeskamp, Elke (Köln) | Folkerts, Menso (München) | Potter, Paul (London, Ontario) | Gundert, Beate (London, Ontario) | Et al.
(Ἱπποκράτης). [English version] [1] Vater des Peisistratos, aus Brauron Vater des Peisistratos. H. stammte vermutlich aus Brauron, dem späteren Demos Philaidai, und führte seine Abstammung auf Neleus zurück (Hdt. 1,59; 5,65; Plut. Solon 10; 30). Patzek, Barbara (Wiesbaden) Bibliography Traill, PAA 538385. [English version] [2] Sohn des Megakles aus Athen, ca. 6. Jh. v. Chr. Sohn des Alkmaioniden (Alkmaionidai) Megakles aus Athen, geb. um 560 v.Chr. H. war der Bruder des Kleisthenes, Vater des Megakles und der Agariste [2] und dadurch Großvater des …

Iophon

(238 words)

Author(s): Patzek, Barbara (Wiesbaden) | Zimmermann, Bernhard (Freiburg)
(Ἰοφῶν) [English version] [1] Sohn des Peisistratos aus zweiter Ehe Sohn des Peisistratos aus zweiter Ehe mit der Argiverin Timonassa, Tochter des Gorgilos und Witwe des Kypseliden Archinos von Ambrakia. Von I. ist im Gegensatz zu seinem Bruder Hegesistratos [1] nur der Name überliefert ([Aristot.] Ath. pol. 17,3; Plut. Cato maior 24,8; Hdt. 5,94f.). Patzek, Barbara (Wiesbaden) Bibliography L. de Libero, Die Archaische Tyrannis, 1996, 88  Traill, PAA 537360. [English version] [2] att. Tragiker, 5. Jh. v. Chr. Tragiker aus Athen (TrGF I 22), Sohn des Sophokles; verfaßte 50…

Kypseliden

(341 words)

Author(s): Patzek, Barbara (Wiesbaden)
[English version] (Κυψελίδαι). Geschlecht des korinth. Tyrannen Kypselos [2], das die Herrschaft der Bakchiadai um die Mitte des 7. Jh.v.Chr. ablöste. Die Regierung der K. (Kypselos, Periandros, Psammetichos) wurde vom delphischen Orakel (wohl im nachhinein) auf Kypselos und seine Söhne begrenzt; sie sollte in der Enkelgeneration enden (Hdt. 5,92e). Nach Aristoteles (pol. 1315b 11ff.) war die Tyrannis der K. die zweitlängste in Griechenland (73 1/2 J.). Er begründet diese Dauer mit der Volkstümlichkeit des Kypselos (vgl. auch Nikolaos von Damaskos FGrH 90…

Hippias

(903 words)

Author(s): Patzek, Barbara (Wiesbaden) | Günther, Linda-Marie (München) | Narcy, Michel (Paris)
(Ἱππίας, ion. Ἱππίης). [English version] [1] Ältester Sohn des Peisistratos, Erbe des Vaters 528/7 v. Chr. Ältester Sohn des Peisistratos aus dessen erster Ehe mit einer Athenerin. Gemeinsam mit den Brüdern Hipparchos [1] und Thessalos trat er 528/7 v.Chr. das Erbe des Vaters an und führte dessen gemäßigte Politik fort (Thuk. 6,54-55; [Aristot.] Ath. pol. 18,1), z.B. als Archon im J. 526/7. Als aber Hipparchos beim Panathenäenfest von 514 ermordet wurde, entwaffnete H. das Volk, ließ foltern, morden und schickt…

Aristomachos

(392 words)

Author(s): Graf, Fritz (Princeton) | Patzek, Barbara (Wiesbaden) | Günther, Linda-Marie (München)
(Ἀριστόμαχος). [English version] [1] Urenkel des Herakles Urenkel des Herakles, Sohn des Kleodaios (Hdt. 6,52; Apollod. 2,171; Paus. 2,7,6). Sein Versuch, die Peloponnes zu erobern, scheiterte an einem falsch verstandenen Orakel. Er fiel in der Schlacht; seine Söhne Temenos, Kresphontes und (in spartanischer Version) Aristodemos [1] eroberten das Land (Hyg. fab. 124. 137) [1]. Graf, Fritz (Princeton) [English version] [2] Heilheros in Rhamnus Heilheros in Rhamnus. Sein Heiligtum liegt südwestl. der Akropolis von Rhamnus auf einem Hügel. Er heißt auch einfach hḗrōs iatrós, wi…

Battiaden

(140 words)

Author(s): Patzek, Barbara (Wiesbaden)
[English version] (Βαττιάδαι). Bezeichnung für die acht Generationen umfassende Dynastie von Kyrene; vier Könige mit Namen Battos alternieren mit vier namens Arkesilaos (Hdt. 4,159). Der Eponym ist Battos I. (seit ca. 630 in Kyrene). Ungewöhnlich sind die von Herodot (4,161) erwähnten Privilegien des Königs. Seit Arkesilaos II. (ca. 560) zeigen sich in Kyrene die typischen aristokratischen Parteiungen, die in den griech. Städten jener Zeit zur Tyrannis führen. Das Verhalten der Nachfolger wechselt…

Korynephoroi

(140 words)

Author(s): Patzek, Barbara (Wiesbaden) | Portmann, Werner (Berlin)
(κορυνηφόροι, “Keulenträger”). [English version] [1] Leibwache des Peisistratos Leibwache, die dem Peisistratos zum Schutz vor angeblicher Bedrohung durch seine Gegner vom athenischen Volk gewährt wurde. Er nutzte sie, um die Akropolis zu besetzen (Hdt. 1,59). Solon habe das Streben nach der Tyrannis erkannt und sich als einziger gegen die Leibwache ausgesprochen ([Aristot.] Ath. pol. 14,2; Plut. Solon 30). Patzek, Barbara (Wiesbaden) [English version] [2] Leibwache des Tyrannen von Sikyon Nach später Überl. Leibwache des Tyrannen von Sikyon (Poll. 3,83; Steph. B…

Panaitios

(1,298 words)

Author(s): Patzek, Barbara (Wiesbaden) | Stein-Hölkeskamp, Elke (Köln) | Inwood, Brad (Toronto)
(Παναίτιος). [English version] [1] Sizilischer Tyrann um 700 v. Chr. P. von Leontinoi, errichtete um 700 v.Chr. die erste bekannte Tyrannis auf Sizilien. P. stürzte die herrschende Oligarchie wahrscheinlich durch Motivierung des Volkes (Aristot. pol. 5,10,1310b 29; 5,12,1316a 37; Polyain. 5,47). Patzek, Barbara (Wiesbaden) Bibliography H. Berve, Die Tyrannis bei den Griechen, 1967, 129; 593  T. J. Dunbabin, The Western Greeks, 1948, 66-68  N. Luraghi, Tirannidi archaiche in Sicilia e Magna Grecia, 1994, 11-20. [English version] [2] Trierarch bei Salamis Befehligte 480 v.Ch…

Kallias

(1,744 words)

Author(s): Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) | Michel, Raphael (Basel) | Patzek, Barbara (Wiesbaden) | Will, Wolfgang (Bonn) | Nesselrath, Heinz-Günther (Göttingen) | Et al.
(Καλλίας, ion. Καλλίης). Verbreiteter att. Name im 6.-4. Jh.v.Chr., bes. in der reichen, mit dem Kult von Eleusis verbundenen Priesterfamilie (mehrere Daduchoi) der Kerykes, wo K. im Wechsel mit Hipponikos erscheint. Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) [English version] [1] myth. Sohn des Herakleiden Temenos Mythischer Sohn des Herakleiden Temenos, des Königs von Argos, und Bruder des Agelaos, Eurypylos und der Hyrnetho. Da der König Hyrnetho und ihren Gatten Deïphontes seinen Söhnen vorzieht, lassen sie Temenos ermorden, werden aber vom Heer zu…
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