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1. BegriffDie Begriffe M., Mönch und monastisch, vom griech. mónachos (»allein lebend«) hergeleitet, stehen für eine durch Abgrenzung von der sozialen Umwelt und konzentrierte Hinwendung zum Göttlichen bestimmte ehelose Lebensform (Zölibat), die in vielen religiösen Traditionen beheimatet ist. In der westl. Kirche bildet das M. die älteste, nicht aber wie in den oriental. Kirchen die einzige Form der christl. Orden. Als Mönchsorden gelten bes. die unter dem Einfluss der Regel des Benedikt von Nursia entstandenen Benediktiner und Zisterzienser sowie weit…

1. DefinitionThe terms  monasticism,  monk, and  monastic, all from Greek  mónachos (“living alone”), stand for a celibate way of life (Celibacy) characterized by withdrawal from the social environment and concentrated focus on the divine sphere; it is native to many religious traditions. In the western (Latin) Church, monasticism constitutes the oldest form of Christian order (Order [association]) – though not the only form, as in the Eastern Church. Monastic orders include above all the Benedictines and Cistercians, who emerged under the influence of the  Rule of Benedict o…

[German Version] The Serbian monasteries are intimately associated with the history of Serbia, its piety and culture, its spiritual, intellectual, and even political development. Stefan Nemanja, the patriarch of the Nemanjić dynasty (1166–1371), became a monk (Simeon) after his abdication in 1197, entering the Studenica Monastery, which he founded. In 1198 he and his son Rastko (Sava, the national saint of Serbia), who had retreated to Athos in 1191/1192 at the age of 17, succeeded in acquiring an…