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Zivilisierung

(2,143 words)

Author(s): Schäbler, Birgit | König, Hans-Joachim
1. BegriffDas dt. Verbalsubstantiv Z. steht neben dem Begriff der Zivilisation (= Zn.); in anderen Sprachen gibt es nur letzteren Begriff (z. B. engl. civilis/zation, franz. civilisation). Bezeichnet das …
Date: 2019-11-19

Civilization process

(2,439 words)

Author(s): Schäbler, Birgit | König, Hans-Joachim
1. Concept While in the German language there is a verbal noun Zivilisierung in addition to the term  Zivilisation (Civilization), other languages comprise only the latter term (e.g. Engl. civilis/zation, French civilisation). The program of civilization stands for the evolution of “barbaric” or “savage” societies, progressing to a condition of a more advanced…
Date: 2019-10-14

al-Aṭrash, Sulṭān

(509 words)

Author(s): Schäbler, Birgit
Sulṭān al-Aṭrash (1891–1982), son of Dhuqān and grandson of Muṣṭafā, from the Qurayya “warrior” branch of the al-Aṭrash clan in the Jabal Druze (Ḥawrān), in Syria, was born and raised during a series of Ottoman military campaigns against the Jabal. These operations were part of Ottoman centralising policies in the rural areas of the Arab provinces, during the last decades of the empire. In his memoirs, Sulṭān recalls the campaign by Mamdūḥ Pasha in 1896 as his earliest childhood memory. The famil…
Date: 2021-07-19