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French Egyptologist. Born Paris 24. 6. 1846, died there 30. 6. 1916. 1865–1867 studied at École normale supérieure, Paris; 1869 repetitor for Vicomte Emmanuel de Rougé at École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Paris. 1873 doctorate ( docteur ès lettres); 1874 prof. of Egyptian philology and archaeology at Collège de France, Paris. 1881 head of Mission archéologique française au Caire; 1898 director of Institut français d’archéologie orientale, Cairo; 1881–1886 and 1899–1914 director of Service des antiquités de l’Égypte (now the Supreme Court of Antiquities) and the Eg…

German Egyptologist and Prussian diplomat. Born Berlin 18. 2. 1827, died there 9. 9. 1894. From 1848, studied Egyptology, philology, archaeology and philosophy at Berlin. Doctorate in Egyptology with a diss. on Demotic, also Berlin, 1851. 1860 and 1885: Prussian diplomatic missions in Persia. 1864: Prussian consul at Cairo. From 1867, prof. of Egyptology at Göttingen. From 1870, director of the School of Egyptology in Cairo. Pasha from 1881. Background As an Egyptologist, B., whom Richard Lepsius turned down while he was a still at school, was self-taught. While s…

British Egyptologist. Born Alan Henderson G. in Eltham (London), 29. 3. 1879, died Iffley (Oxford) 19. 12. 1963. School in London; 1895/96 study trip to Paris; 1897–1901 studied classical philology, Hebrew and Arabic at Oxford. 1902–1911 period as private researcher in Berlin; from 1912 private scholar in London, from 1946 in Oxford. Knighted 1948 (Knight Bachelor: Sir Alan Henderson, Kt.). Career G. was the son of a wealthy textile magnate. His career was shaped by his father’s determination to see him well-educated and to lead a life of self-assurance, …

Called Champollion le Jeune; French Egyptologist. Born 23. 12. 1790 in Figeac ( département Lot), died Paris 4. 3. 1832. 1804–1807 Lycée in Grenoble; 1807–1809 studied languages in Paris. 1809 Professeur adjoint d’histoire ancienne in ¶ Grenoble; 1826 conservator at the Louvre. 1828/29 expedition to Egypt with Ippolito Rosellini; 1831 chair of archaeology created for C. at Collège de France, Paris. Background C. largely owed his career to his brother Jacques-Joseph C.-Figeac, twelve years his senior, who brought him to Grenoble in 1801. There, among other …

Israeli Egyptologist, Coptologist and linguist. Born Zurich 13. 9. 1905, died Jerusalem 10. 8. 1991. 1924 Abitur in Berlin; 1924–1928 studied Egyptology and Semitic studies at Berlin and Göttingen; 1928 doctorate at Göttingen; 1926–1930 assistant on Septuagint project there. 1930–1934 assistant in the publication of Coptic Manichaean papyri Berlin. 1934–1948 instructor for Egyptology at Hebrew Univ. in Jerusalem; 1948–1972 prof. of Egyptian and Semitic linguistics there. 1959 founder member of the Israel Academ…

French Egyptologist. Born Auguste-Ferdinand-François M., Boulogne-sur-Mer 11. 2. 1821, died Bulaq (Cairo) 18. 1. 1881. Self-study of ancient Egypt from 1842; from 1849 employed at the Louvre in Paris. 1851–1854 discovered and excavated the Memphis Serapeum. Extensive excavation work in Egypt from 1858. Pasha 1879. Career and achievements M. was living in modest circumstances when in 1842 his family came into the inheritance of Nestor L’Hôte, who had taken part in the 1828–1829 expedition of Jean-François Champollion and Ippolito Rosellini to …