Search

[German Version] 1. Franz (Jan 16, 1838, Boppard – Mar 17, 1917, Zürich). Amid the multitude of controversies in the last third of the 19th century over the philosophical foundations of science, Brentano came forward with a program that made him the founder of descriptive psychology and an influential precursor of phenomenological philosophy. As a pupil of F.A. Trendelenburg, he devoted himself initially to the study of Aristotle. After ordination to the priesthood in 1864, he …

[German Version] (Feb 20, 1882, Riga, Latvia – Oct 9, 1950, Göttingen), came to philosophy, particularly that of Marburg Neo-Kantianism, by way of the study of medicine and classical philology. This led him to a critical analysis of epistemological idealism. Also influenced by the phenomenological method developed by E. Husserl and its modification by M. Scheler, Hartmann arrived at a way to a new ontology in 1921 in his work Grundzüge einer Metaphysik der Erkenntnis [Principles of a metaphysics of cognition]. This ultimately guided him into an ontological realism. Hi…

[German Version] (Apr 8, 1859, Proßnitz (Prostějov), Moravia – Apr 27, 1938, Freiburg im Breisgau). Husserl founded the philosophy of phenomenology after encountering, as a mathematician, fundamental logical questions of arithmetic and universal problems of cognition, viz., regarding conditions relating to origin and criteria affecting validity. His Logische Untersuchungen [Logical investigations] (1900/01) became the basic text of the phenomenological movement. After demonstrating that the constructions of logic represent ideal-objective sem…