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Riga

(738 words)

Author(s): Hauptmann, Peter | Gerber, Simon
[German Version] I. City and Bishopric Albert I, bishop of Livonia, founded the city of Riga in 1201 near a Gotland merchants’ trading center on the Daugava river, not far from the Baltic Sea. He immediately made it the seat of the mission diocese founded in 1186 by Bishop Meinhard at Ikšķile (about 25 km up-stream). Immigration from Germany began as early as 1202. Riga also became the seat of the master of the order of warrior knights in Livonia. From 1207, Riga was an imperial fief, and in 1255 it w…

Theodore of Mopsuestia

(536 words)

Author(s): Gerber, Simon
[German Version] (c. 352, Antioch – 428, Mopsuestia), major exponent of Antiochene theology. In his home town, Theodore studied with Libanius and later in the monastic school of Diodore of Tarsus, where he became a friend of John Chrysostom. In 383 Flavian of Antioch ordained Theodore to the priesthood; in 392 he became bishop of Mopsuestia (Cilicia). During the Pelagian controversy (Pelagius/Pelagians), Theodore gave refuge to the exiled Julian of Eclanum. Having become suspect through the Nestor…

Proclus the Montanist

(177 words)

Author(s): Gerber, Simon
[German Version] (Proculus), was one of the most important representatives of Western Mon­tanism around 210, along with Tertullian. According to Pseudo-Tertullian, Adversus omnes haereses, 7.2, there was one school of Montanist thought according to Proclus and one according to Aeschines; the latter was said to have taught Monarchianism in Christology. In Rome, where Proclus worked, at least from time to time, the anti-Montanist Gaius wrote a dialogue with Proclus, according to which Proclus placed Montanism in a line …

Proclus

(146 words)

Author(s): Gerber, Simon
[English Version] (Proculus), Montanist, um 210 bedeutendster Vertreter des westlichen Montanismus neben Tertullian. Nach Ps.-Tert., Adversus omnes haereses, 7,2 gab es eine montanistische Richtung nach P. und eine nach Aeschines, letztere habe in der Christologie den Monarchianismus gelehrt. In Rom, wo P. mindestens zeitweise wirkte, schrieb der Antimontanist Gaius einen Dialog mit P. Danach beanspruchte P. für den Montanismus die Sukzession des Philippus (Evangelist) und seiner prophetischen Töc…

Riga

(624 words)

Author(s): Hauptmann, Peter | Gerber, Simon
[English Version] I. Stadt und Bistum Nachdem Bf. Albert I. von Livland 1201 nahe einem Handelsplatz gotländischer Kaufleute vor der Mündung der Düna in die Ostsee die Stadt R. gegründet hatte, machte er sie sogleich zum Sitz des 1186 von Bf. Meinhard in Uexküll (etwa 25 km flußaufwärts) begründeten Missionsbistums. Schon 1202 setzte die Zuwanderung aus Deutschland ein. R. wurde auch Sitz des Ordensmeisters in Livland. Seit 1207 Reichslehen, wurde R. 1255 zum Erzbistum erhoben. Seine Suffragane waren…

Theodor

(478 words)

Author(s): Gerber, Simon
[English Version] von Mopsuestia (um 352 Antiochien – 428 Mopsuestia), bedeutender Vertreter der antiochenischen Theologie. Th. studierte in seiner Vaterstadt bei Libanios, dann im Asketerion des Diodor von Tarsus; seit dieser Zeit war er mit Johannes Chrysostomus befreundet. 383 weihte Flavian von Antiochien Th. zum Presbyter, 392 wurde Th. Bf. von Mopsuestia (Kilikien). Im Pelagianischen Streit (Pelagius) gewährte Th. dem vertriebenen Julian von Aeclanum Obdach. Durch den in seinem Todesjahr ausg…