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[German Version] Religious amateur theater as a way of dramatizing biblical motifs of the Christian faith has its roots in the liturgy. There is evidence of Easter plays as early as the 9th century; their nucleus was the so-called Easter trope ( Quem queritis: Luke 24:5b). Later passion plays and Christmas plays were presented, as well as eschatological plays (portraying the Antichrist and the Last Judgment) and saints' plays. In the Middle Ages, liturgical and didactic interests rendered obsolete the earlier Christian polemic against the ludi theatrales; as a rule, clergy provid…

[German Version] I. Ethics – II. Practical Theology I. Ethics Marketing is an activity planned to attract interest; marketing in the mass media refers to services, goals, and merchandise (Sowinski, 4), and is somewhat different from advertising or promotion, which can have negative connotations, and propaganda, the dissemination of ideas (the Counter-Reformation Congregatio de Propaganda Fide [Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith]). Marketing is persuasive communicative use of the media planned…

[German Version] I. Cultural History The Dutch cultural historian Johan Huizinga identified play as a fundamental cultural phenomenon and thus a defining feature of human life. His thesis of homo ludens supplements the anthropological theories of homo sapiens and homo faber and other explanations of culture grounded in reason and fabrication (Labor). Huizinga posits the following definition: “Play is a voluntary activity or occupation executed within certain fixed limits of time and place, according to rules that are freely accepted …