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[German Version] (c. 1130, Jerusalem – Sep 29, 1186). From a middle-class background, William began studying the liberal arts and theology in France in 1146 and civil and canon law in Bologna. In 1170 he was appointed tutor to Baldwin IV of Jerusalem, in 1174 chancellor of the kingdom of Jerusalem, and in 1175 archbishop of Tyre. His account of the third Lateran Council and his presentation of Islamic history have not survived. Despite its chronological errors and deliberately misleading biases, his magnum opus, a comprehensive history of the Kingdom of Jerusalem, is one of th…

[German Version] I. History – II. Literature – III. From the Muslim Perspective – IV. Effects on the Jews I. History 1. Concept The Middle Ages did not develop a clear term for the crusades. The word itself is only documented at a late point. What research calls the crusades in the narrower sense of the word are the crusades which were begun at the end of the 11th century by Latin Christendom to reconquer or defend Jerusalem and the Holy Land. The conquest of Jerusalem in 1099 by the Christ…

[English Version] von Tyrus (um 1130 Jerusalem – 29.9.1186), bürgerlicher Herkunft, studierte ab 1146 Artes und Theol. in Frankreich und beide Rechte in Bologna; 1170 Erzieher Balduins IV. von Jerusalem, 1174 Kanzler des Königsreichs Jerusalem, 1175 Erzbf. von Tyrus. Sein Bericht über das III. Laterankonzil und seine Darstellung der isl. Gesch. sind nicht erhalten. Sein Hauptwerk, eine umfangreiche Gesch. des Königsreichs Jerusalem, gehört trotz chronologischer Fehler und bewußt irreführender Tende…