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[German Version] From the earliest period, healing has played a role in Christianity. The Gospels are replete with accounts of Jesus' healing, and the apostles continued this practice (Mark 6:13). The key passage for all subsequent developments is Jas 5:14–16. The elders “pray over” the sick, “anointing them with oil in the name of the Lord” in order to heal body and soul (Sickness and Healing). All Christians should pray for the healing of others. The 3rd-century apostolic tradition knew of an ep…

[German Version] (May 17, 1846, Totnes, Devonshire – Feb 17, 1917, Barnstaple), prominent English liturgical scholar. He made enormous contributions to liturgical studies although with no formal training in the subject. After two decades in a government post in education, he devoted the rest of his life to research on medieval liturgical manuscripts. In 1867, he …

[German Version] (Jan 27, 1861, Toulouse – Jan 13, 1929, Paris), a distinguished French church historian and liturgical scholar. Batiffol spent most of his life at the Collège Ste.-Barbe in Paris, except for ten years (1898–1908) as rector of the Institut Catholique in Toulouse. His book Eucharistie was placed on the index in 1907; a second, revised version appeared in 1913. His reputation suffered during the conflict over Modernism although he opposed the movement. His Histoire du bréviaire romain was first published in 1893. During his later …

[German Version] (Jun 18, 1856, Bristol– Jan 31, 1932, Oxford), distinguished English liturgical scholar. After his studies at Oxford he was ordained in the Church of England. He was a librarian at Pusey House in Oxford from 1896 to 1903, before becoming a fellow and tutor at Magdalen College until his death. Intimately acquainted with the rites of the Eastern Churches, he published in 1896 an extended edition of Liturgies Eastern and Western, of which the first volume had been published in 1878 by C.E. Hammond. The second volume was neve…

[German Version] A liturgical term used to refer to (sometimes spontaneous) responses of people in the congregation to an announcement, a reading or a prayer. These include such occasions as acclaiming candidates for ordination as “worthy,” ratifying the election of a bishop, and permitting the consecration of an abbot, or the coronation of a pope. In recent y…

[German Version] (Jul 12, 1891, Västra Ed – Apr 21, 1959, Uppsala), archbishop of Uppsala and liturgical scholar. Brilioth taught at Uppsala, at Åbo, Finland, and at Lund, before becoming bishop of Växjö and eventually archbishop of Uppsala and primate of Sweden (1950–1958). Deeply committed to ecumenism, he established close ties with the Church of England, reflected in his works The Anglican Revival (1925) and Three Lectures on Evangelicalism and the Oxford Movement (1934). He wrote two books on the history of preaching, Landmarks in the History of Preaching (England 1950) and a Brief…

[German Version] I. Bible – II. Liturgy I. Bible In the Old Testament, amen expresses a self-committing “yes” (1 Kgs 1:36; Jer 11:5). It occurs most frequently in Deut 27 and the Psalter. The people affirm the curse (Deut 27:15, etc.) with amen; thus, they express solidarity with the divine judge and commit themselves to obedience. In Ps 41:14, etc., amen has the literary function of “scroll-concluding doxology” (Seybold, 114), but is also an enthusiastic participation in the praise of God (cf. 1 Ch…

[German Version] I. Liturgy The pulpit is the designated place for preaching in church; it emerged from the transportable pulpits of mendicant monks in the 13th century. Similar functions often apply to a lectern or ambo. The ancient term, ambo, has been recovered recently in Roman Catholic circles. Originally the ambo was a place for the reading of the Scriptures. From a step ( gradus) musical items between the readings might be sung, hence the term ¶ Gradual. Preaching was done by the presider seated in the apse. J. Chrysostom is reputed to have …

1. NT and Early Church 1.1. Term and Usage The term “worship” (from “worth-ship”) has established itself as a general word for the service that is rendered to God in praise, prayer, proclamation and hearing of the Word, and administration of the sacraments. An older term is “divine service” (cf. the German Gottesdienst, which M. Luther used as a technical term for gatherings for worship), though along with its specific use this term has a broader reference to Christian life and diakonia. A common phrase today for gatherings for worship is “worshi…