Reed, Lucy Keywords: International crises | Public international law | Private international law | International dispute settlement | Iran-United States Claims Tribunal | United Nations Compensation Commission | North Korea | Nuclear energy | Mots clefs: Crises internationales | Droit international public | Droit international privé | Solution des différends internationaux | Tribunal irano-américain de réclamations | Commission de compensation des Nations Unies | Corée du Nord | Energie nucléaire | ABSTRACT Lucy Reed, partner at Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer LLP in…

Riphagen, †W. Keywords: Methodology | Public international law | Mots clefs: Méthodologie | Droit international public | ABSTRACT W. Riphagen, Professor Emeritus of the Erasmus University of Rotterdam, proposes in this course to build up a scientific modelization of the techniques applied in international law. The following topics are dealt with successively: modelization of techniques; similar problems and solutions within domestic law; interpenetration of international law and domestic law; the branches of ius …

Sørensen, Max Keywords: Legal principles | Public international law | Mots clefs: Principes de droit | Droit international public | ABSTRACT According to Max Sorensen, the course explains the interrelation of the two factors of stability and evolution that is, in any legal system, the crux of the problems for doctrine and practice that arise. Stability is the essence of the law. Evolution, on the other hand, is the necessary consequence of the changes taking place in the social conditions at the base of the legal sy…

Singh, Nagendra Keywords: Carriage of goods by sea | Public international law | Mots clefs: Transport maritime | Droit international public | ABSTRACT Nagendra Singh writes that the principles of the law of merchant shipping partly derive from the domestic law of the States participating in maritime trade, and partly from multilateral treaties and multilateral conventions. First, the author presents the general principles of international law governing merchant shipping. In the second part on public international law …

E. S. Fawcett, J. Keywords: Public international law | Mots clefs: Droit international public | ABSTRACT J.E.S. Fawcett selects a series of important and interesting themes for his General Course on Public International Law (in 1971) and places them in a legal framework by constructing the discussion around a central theme: jurisdiction. He examines three main areas from the perspective of public international law: the concepts of sovereignty and jurisdiction, the location of jurisdictional objects, and transfers of jurisdiction. J.E.S. Fawcett a sélectionné pour son cours…

Venturini, G. Keywords: Unilateralism | Public international law | Mots clefs: Unilatéralisme | Droit international public | ABSTRACT In the most recent doctrine, Gian Carlo Venturini points out in 1964 that there is a tendency to recognize the eligibility, in the international legal order, of institutions specific to certain systems of domestic law, such as estoppel and acquiescence, which assign legal effects to the attitude of States, while doubts still arise as to the legal value of the unilateral acts themse…

Caldera, Rafael Keywords: Public international law | Justice | Mots clefs: Droit international public | Justice | ABSTRACT At the conference given by Rafael Caldera, Former President of Venezuela, in The Hague on 8 July 1896, the author seeks a juridical basis for a new international order which he calls for and which, by promoting social justice, will guarantee peace. Lors de cette conférence que Rafael Caldera, ancien président du Venezuela, a donné à La Haye le 8 juillet 1896, l’auteur recherche le fondement juridique d’un nouvel ordre international q…

E. Butler, W. Keywords: Public international law | Comparative law | Mots clefs: Droit international public | Droit comparé | ABSTRACT In his course, W.E. Butler, Professor at University College London, focuses primarily on four areas of comparative legal studies. The first is the comparative analysis of the international legal system, including subsystems and doctrine. The author then focuses on a comparative analysis of the relations between international law and domestic legal systems and cultures, followed by a …

R. Baxter, R. Keywords: International customary law | Public international law | Law of treaties | Mots clefs: Droit coutumier international | Droit international public | Droit des traités | ABSTRACT The objective that R. Baxter assigns to his course is to describe how the treaties, whether bilateral or multilateral, serve as evidence of the state of customary international law. First, he examines multilateral treaties as declaratory of customary international law, multilateral treaties as constitutive of customary internati…

Skubiszewski, Krzysztof Keywords: Hague Academy of International Law | Public international law | Mots clefs: Académie de droit international de La Haye | Droit international public | ABSTRACT Professor Skubiszewski, Member of the Curatorium of the Hague Academy of International Law, focuses in his course on the contribution of the Academy to the development of the science and the practice of private international law. There is no doubt, according to Professor Skubiszewski, that the Academy not only enjoys a solid position…

Antonio Pastor Ridruejo, José Keywords: Public international law | Mots clefs: Droit international public | ABSTRACT Professor Pastor Ridruejo builds his systematic exposé on international law on four fundamental starting points. The first chapter is dedicated to the general character of international law, to its characteristics compared to domestic law, whether this concern its sources, the prevention and/or the sanctioning of violations, or dispute settlement. The second chapter relates to the generic aspects…

C. Jessup, Philip Keywords: Peace | Public international law | Mots clefs: Paix | Droit international public | ABSTRACT Philip C. Jessup devotes this lecture, given on August 2 1960, in the Great Hall of the Peace Palace, The Hague, in commemoration of the fiftieth anniversary of the creation of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace in New York, to a Half-Century of Efforts to Substitute Law for War. Philip C. Jessup consacre cette conférence, donnée le 2 août 1960 dans le grand hall du Palais de la Paix, à La Haye, en commémoration du cinquantième anniv…

Mahiou, Ahmed Keywords: Public international law | Mots clefs: Droit international public | ABSTRACT Ahmed Mahiou, Honorary Research Director at the National Center for Scientific Research, Aix-en-Provence, notes in the introduction to his course that the structure of international law and the movement that drives it are very different from those of domestic law, to an extent that there is a permanent quest for balance and compromise between contradictory and equally important demands, and a constant adjustme…

Jacqué, Jean-Paul Keywords: Norms | Public international law | Mots clefs: Normes | Droit international public | ABSTRACT Jean-Paul Jacqué, Professor at the Robert Schuman University in Strasbourg, asks why, if the norm is defined, quite provisionally, as a set of rights and obligations, the relationships established between the Act and the Norm should be examined. He writes, it seems quite obvious to say, that the Act is an instrument for creating Norms, but it does not have the exclusivity of this function whic…

Tunkin, Grigory Keywords: Public international law | Mots clefs: Droit international public | ABSTRACT Grigory Tunkin, Professor at Moscow University, proposes in this article a new theory of the inter-state system considered as an integral system. Professor Tunkin first focuses on international politics and the creation of norms of international law for presenting this new theory. Then, he studies the link between international law and politics and between international law and force. He also devotes a chapt…

Lachs, Manfred Keywords: Public international law | Development of international law | Mots clefs: Droit international public | Développement du droit international | ABSTRACT Manfred Lachs, Judge and Former president of the International Court of Justice, focuses on the study of roots of international law, its fundamental presuppositions, and some of its major questions of particular relevance at the time of writing this course. He aims to define the relationship between the State and nature, the relationship between …

Truyol Y Serra, Antonio Keywords: Sociology | Public international law | International relations | Mots clefs: Sociologie | Droit international public | Relations internationales | ABSTRACT Antonio Truyol y Serra explains that the study he undertakes in this course confines on the borders of the sociology of international law and the theory of international relations. He begins his research with a presentation of the concept of international society. He then discusses the genesis and evolution of global international soc…

Tieya, Wang Keywords: China | Public international law | Mots clefs: Chine | Droit international public | ABSTRACT Wang Tieya, Professor at Peking University, notes that Chinese international law has a long history by considering the international law of the Spring and Autumn and Warring states periods during the Zhou Dynasty (722-221 BC). The objective of Professor Wang Tieya’s course is not to make a historical study, but to answer some questions about international law in China: Was there an international law …

Weil, Prosper Keywords: Public international law | Mots clefs: Droit international public | ABSTRACT In this general course of public international law, Prosper Weil, Professor emeritus of the University Paris II, abstains from outlining, chapter after chapter, the substance of the matter, but limits himself to some reflections on international law as a legal system. Professor Weil thus proposes to review the existential problems currently facing international law, and examines the problems of normativity tha…

Arthur Watts, KCMG, QC, Sir Keywords: Heads of State and Heads of government | Public international law | Mots clefs: Chefs d Etats | Droit international public | ABSTRACT Arthur Watts, barrister and international arbitrator, proposes in this course a systematic study of the legal position of Heads of States, heads of governments and foreign ministers with respect to international law. He draws attention first of all to the status of Heads of States, to different constitutional forms and titles, moving on to talk about the …

Arrighi, Jean-Michel Keywords: Organization of American States | Public international law | International law | Institutional law | Institutions and organs | Legal co-operation | Democracy | History | Mots clefs: Organisation des Etats américains | Droit international public | Droit international | Droit institutionnel | Institutions et organes | Coopération juridique | Démocratie | Histoire | ABSTRACT The Organization of American States (OAS), created in 1948, is just a link in a long chain of inter-American institutions that emerged from the first Am…

Reuter, Paul Keywords: Legal principles | Public international law | Mots clefs: Principes de droit | Droit international public | ABSTRACT Paul Reuter writes that he chooses a plan as classic as possible for his course, which fits into a tradition lying behind it and fits into the courses of Academy devoted to the general rules of the law of peace and to the general principles of public international law. Chapter I, International Societies and Their Law, and Chapter II, The Systematic Aspects of International Law, …

Chemillier-Gendreau, Monique Keywords: Public international law | International law | Universalism | Mots clefs: Droit international public | Droit international | Universalisme | ABSTRACT To reflect on the universality of international law, it is necessary to ask whether its application extends to the entire society concerned, no subject is excluded, and its objectives are achieved for the benefit of all. If the concept of sovereignty appears as a guarantee of the independence and recognition of a group, it is also a …

Kamto, Maurice Keywords: States | Will | Public international law | Mots clefs: Etats | Volonté | Droit international public | ABSTRACT In his general course on public international law, Maurice Kamto, Professor at the University of Yaoundé II, presents a detailed study of the will of the State in public international law. After a thorough review of the concepts of State and will in international legal thinking, Professor Kamto observes that, contrary to the claim of the followers of the radical and exclusivist volun…

Gaja, Giorgio Keywords: Ius cogens | Public international law | Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (Vienna, 23 May 1969) | State responsibility | Mots clefs: Jus cogens | Droit international public | Convention de Vienne sur le droit des traités (Vienne, 23 mai 1969) | Responsabilité des Etats | ABSTRACT Giorgio Gaja, Professor at the University of Florence, begins an analysis of the role of peremptory norms in contemporary treaty law. He devotes a first chapter of his course to treaty law. After some preliminary remarks on the relevance of…

THOMAS M. FRANCK Keywords: Public international law | Mots clefs: Droit international public | ABSTRACT Taking the point of view that public international law is too rich and too complex a subject to be dealt with in its entirety within the framework of a general course on public international law, Thomas Franck, Professor at the University of New York, decides to focus on public international law from the perspective of fairness. In Part I of the course he presents an analytical framework of public internatio…

H. Kooijmans, P. Keywords: Protestantism | Public international law | Mots clefs: Protestantisme | Droit international public | ABSTRACT P. H. Kooijmans, Professor at the University of Leiden, devotes his course to the role played by Protestantism in the development of international law. After a study of the relationship between religion and law, the author presents the influence of the reformation on the development of international law (and in particular the role played by Protestantism in the secularization of …

K. R. R. Sastry, Professor Keywords: Hindous | Hindu law | Public international law | Mots clefs: Hindouisme | Droit international public | ABSTRACT K.R.R. Sastry writes in the introduction to his course that Hinduism is not only a religion and a philosophy, but also a way of life. The aim of the course is to show to what extent the major principles of international law are in conformity with doctrine or philosophy in Hinduism, and may even be part of the doctrine. After an introductory presentation to beliefs of Hindu…

Conforti, Benedetto Keywords: Public international law | Mots clefs: Droit international public | ABSTRACT The General course on Public International Law by Benedetto Conforti, Professor at the University of Naples, is based on the idea that international law is no longer, or no longer only, a matter for diplomats and that it must be administered, like any other branch of law, by all legal operators, i.e. all those who exercise public functions within the State and who, at any level, are intended to enforce t…

Tomuschat, Christian Keywords: Public international law | Mots clefs: Droit international public | ABSTRACT Most of the tasks essential for the survival of humankind have to be performed within domestic contexts. International law has a general function to fulfill, namely to safeguard international peace, security, and justice in relations between States and human rights as well as the rule of law domestically inside States. In this course, the author first highlights the foundation of the international legal…

Gómez Robledo, Antonio Keywords: Ius cogens | Public international law | Mots clefs: Jus cogens | Droit international public | ABSTRACT In his course, Antonio Gomez Robledo presents a very thorough study of the international ius cogens. After a historical study of the notion of ius cogens (prehistory and legislative history), the author exposes the doctrinal dialectic opposing defenders and deniers of ius cogens. He then presents a theory of ius cogens, and examines the ius cogens superveniens. The author addresses …

Dupuy, Pierre-Marie Keywords: Public international law | Mots clefs: Droit international public | ABSTRACT Professor Pierre-Marie Dupuy, of the European University Institute of Florence, reminds us in the introduction to his general course on public international law about the unity of the international legal system and how relevant this topic is today. Indeed, as Professor Dupuy stresses, the international legal system is subject to a constant phenomenon of expansion which results on the one hand in an exten…

Quadri, R. Keywords: Public international law | Mots clefs: Droit international public | ABSTRACT R. Quadri begins his General Course on Public International Law with a presentation of general problems related to the subject, in which he proposes a definition of the concept of international law and presents some general and theoretical characteristics. He focuses on the system of international rules and examines the different types of norms of international law. The author devotes the following chapter to the…

Dupuy, René-Jean Keywords: Public international law | Mots clefs: Droit international public | ABSTRACT Rene-Jean Dupuy considers that we are at the crossroads of two routes: one route is at the level of structures and shows us the international community at the heart of the dialectic of power and law. How is power subject to the law and how is the international community progressing or, on the contrary, being thwarted in the struggle between the two antagonistic forces? The second route lies in the substance…

Henkin, Louis Keywords: Public international law | Mots clefs: Droit international public | ABSTRACT Louis Henkins, Professor at Columbia University in New York, notes that a general course cannot aspire to be a comprehensive course covering all international law, and that the publication of a new general course every year is only justified if it provides different perspectives on traditional subjects of international law or elaborates new legal developments in the law. In this course, the author does both. H…

Augusto Cançado Trindade, Antônio Keywords: Public international law | Mots clefs: Droit international public | ABSTRACT Professor Conçado Trindade, judge and former president of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights, observes that, given the extraordinary expansion of the discipline along the last decades, it would be an impossible task to attempt to provide an in-depth and detailed treatment of international law. Thus, an element of selection is indeed necessary, and the author intends to provide an overal…

A. Falk, Richard Keywords: Newly-independent states | Public international law | Mots clefs: Etats nouveaux | Droit international public | ABSTRACT The active participation of the newly independent African and Asian States in international life is of great significance to the international legal order. Richard Falk's course assesses this significance mainly from the perspective of the new states. La participation active des Etats d'Afrique et d'Asie nouvellement indépendants à la vie internationale recèle une grande signification pour l'ordre juridique…

Brownlie, Ian Keywords: Public international law | Mots clefs: Droit international public | ABSTRACT The general outlook adopted by Ian Brownlie, Professor at the University of Oxford, in his General Course on Public International Law, is that of the objective positivist, that is to say that he takes into account the views of States. However, this positivism is supplemented by paying special attention to the significant role of international tribunals in making law. Professor Brownlie's approach is also that …

Virally, Michel Keywords: Public international law | Mots clefs: Droit international public | ABSTRACT Michel Virally, Professor at the University of Law, Economics, and Social Sciences, Paris, emphasizes in the introduction to his course that we must take the law as it presents itself (as a normative set), but also place it in its socio-historical environment, without which it has no reality - and therefore go beyond the purely formal aspects …

Wengler, Wilhelm Keywords: Public international law | Mots clefs: Droit international public | ABSTRACT Wilhelm Wengler, Professor Emeritus of the Free University of West Berlin, examines in his course the four paradoxes encountered by a jurist trained in the domestic law of a Western state: it is its system of legal sanctions, which is decisive for conceiving public international law as a legal order; there is no legal rule given for the judicial determination of concrete violations of international law; its importance in international life is greatly reduced although the distinction between the discussions related to existing law and to the introduction of changes in international law is generally recognized; and public international law remains focused on the coexistence and maintenance of plurality of States although it is not a priori limited with re…

Truyol Y Serra, Antonio Keywords…

A. Frowein, Jochen Keywords: Public international law | Ius cogens | Multilateral treaties | Mots clefs: Droit international public | Jus cogens | Traités multilatéraux | ABSTRACT A. Frowein, Jochen

Hambro, Edvard Keywords: …

Ferrari Bravo, Luigi Keywords: International customary law | Public international law | Mots clefs: Droit coutumier international | Droit international public | ABSTRACT Luigi Ferrari Bravo, Professor at the University of Rome, examines in his course the manifestations of the practice of States with regard to research methodologies of international custom (diplomatic and legislative practice, jurisprudence of national courts, practice of international negotiations ...). The author devotes an important place to the practice formed within multilateral forums (conference, international organizations, etc.…

Riphagen, W. Keywords: Public order | Private international law | Public international law | Public law | Mots clefs: …

E. Villiger, Mark Keywords: Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (Vienna, 23 May 1969) | Legal history | International customary law | Law of treaties | Public international law | Mots clefs: Convention de Vienne sur le droit des traités (Vienne, 23 mai 1969) | Histoire du droit | …

Meron, Theodor Keywords: Public international law | Mots clefs: Meron, Theodor

De Visscher, Paul Keywords: Public international law | Mots clefs: Droit international public | ABSTRACT Paul de Visscher, Professor at the Catholic University of Louvai…